Bankrolling Polluting Technology, Inventory of Projects
From Madagascar to Turkey (alphabetically)

Madagascar, COTONA III
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8660
Document Date: April 27, 2001
Waste Stream: Organics
Sector: Textiles, Apparel & Leather
Approval Date: June 8, 2001
Project Description: " The project consists of the modernization of the Company's [Cotona, the largest textile manufacturer in Madagascar] ageing equipment by endowing the Company with a tool suitable for exports at standards of quality and service required by a most demanding client basis."
Quote: "The COTONA plant produces significant amounts of cotton wastes from processing, including thread and textile off-cuts... At the present time, most solid wastes are collected and disposed of in an open ditch adjacent to the plant, where they are burned. The Audit report notes that, while the emissions from this uncontrolled burning do not pose a significant health or safety hazard, the odors and smoke created are a nuisance to nearby residents. The report recommends that open burning be discontinued, and that COTONA install a small incineration unit to ensure more effective combustion of these wastes and reduce emissions. COTONA has agreed that the incinerator will be operational within 6 months of project approval, to be reflected in the final CAP."

Madagascar, Aquaculture de Crevettes de Besalampy
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 10425
Document Date: Jan. 22, 2001
Waste Stream: Mixed/multiple waste
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: May 17, 2001
Project Description: "…an expansion of the sponsor's existing shrimp farming activities, consists of an integrated semi-intensive 5000 tpa shrimp production and processing operation"
Quote: "Paper, card and plastic will be incinerated on site and organic processing wastes (heads/ carapaces etc) will be dried and used as fertilizer or chicken feed."

Madagascar, Second Health Sector Support Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: C
Project ID: MGPE51741
Document Date: Nov. 1, 1999
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Targeted Health
Approval Date: Dec. 2, 1999
Quote: "Rehabilitation or construction of health centers and district hospitals will comply with hygiene and sanitation standards, will include incinerators, and will lead to a positive impact on the environment."

Malawi, AEF Mwaiwathu Private Hospital Limited (MPH)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007534
Document Date: May 8, 1996
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: June 11, 1996
Project Description: "…would establish a 60 bed private hospital in Blantyre."
Quote: "MRI intends to construct a high temperature incinerator at the facility for the disposal of contaminated sharps, infectious and pathogenic materials, expired pharmaceuticals which cannot be returned to the supplier for disposal, non-toxic spent solvents, used surgical gloves, and all biological wastes. The disposal containers for all of these wastes will be incinerated as well."

Maldives, Villa Shipping & Trading Co. Ltd.
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: A
Project ID: 005061
Document Date: May 26, 1995
Waste Stream: Tourism waste
Sector: Accommodation & Tourism Services
Approval Date: September 14, 1995, Invested: June 18, 1997
Project Description: "The project is to construct a fourth resort on Sun Island leased by the Government to the company for this purpose in October 1993 for 21 years."
Quote: "The Sun Island resort will be one of the first resorts to operate an advanced secondary treatment facility. Solid waste will be disposed of via composting and a high temperature incinerator. Provisions for fire and safety will be in accordance with World Bank guidelines."

Mali, Imprim Color
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9412
Document Date: May 20, 1999
Waste Stream: Wood/paper/cardboard
Sector: Printing Industry
Approval Date: June 30, 1999, Invested: October 22, 2001
Project Description: "IMPRIM COLOR proposes to engage in the production of schoolbooks and to expand its operations by acquiring additional industrial equipment."
Quote: "Solid waste consisting of paper and cardboard is either reused by other printers or incinerated on site, in a specially designed incinerator that does not include any flue gas cleaning equipment. At IFC's request, the sponsor has agreed to analyze emissions at the chimney in collaboration with the services of the ministry of the environment and to implement correctives actions should the air emission not conform to IFC's guidelines. Incineration ashes, about 4m3 annually are disposed off [sic] by to authorized landfill by the municipality."

Mauritania, AEF Societe pour le traitement et l'exportation du Poisson
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007969
Document Date: April 1, 1997
Waste Stream: Animal wastes
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: May 23, 1997
Project Description: "…the sourcing of high value demersal fish from artisan as well as industrial fishermen, for processing and export to EC markets."
Quote: "Solid waste disposal from fish and cephalopods will be stored in a cool room (Temp O C), and be transfered every six hours for disposal via municipal incineration services."

Mauritania, AEF Mayo Fish S.A
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007605
Document Date: May 16, 1996
Waste Stream: Animal wastes
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: June 25, 1996
Project Description: "The project consists of fishing operations and fish processing…"
Quote: "Solid waste from [fish] processing will either be sold for use as a supplement in animal feed or disposed of via municipal incineration services. All solids recovered from the charcoal and sand filters will also be incinerated by municipal services."

Mauritius, Environmental Solid Waste Management Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: A
Project ID: MUPE57775
Document Date: June 25, 1999
Waste Stream: Municipal wastes
Sector: Environment
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "One or two incinerators for dry combustibles and infectious clinical wastes, with capacity of 150-200 tons per day...Environment Aspects: .....Emissions of carbon dioxide from landfills and incinerators can contribute to global warming...A sanitary landfill (20 to 40 hectares, depending on depth of fill, with capacity of 400-500 tons per day ) for dewatered wastewater treatment plant sludge, compost residues, incinerator ashes and other non-hazardous solid wastes."

Mexico, Teksid de Mexico S.A
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009795
Document Date: Sept. 15, 1999
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Industrial & Consumer Products
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "Teksid Aluminio is a manufacturer of aluminum heads and blocks based in Monclova, Mexico."
Quote: "The [industrial] hazardous materials are either recycled, incinerated or properly disposed in sites authorized by the local authorities by licensed personnel."

Mexico, Grupo Posadas
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009404
Document Date: Mar. 30, 1999
Waste Stream: Tourism waste
Sector: Hotels and Tourism
Approval Date: June 11, 1999
Project Description: "The Project consists of: (i) the construction of five new hotels in Mexico, bringing in a total of 685 additional rooms..."
Quote: "Solid wastes [from the hotels] are handled by licensed haulers and disposed of in municipal landfills. Incinerators are used where suitable disposal sites are not available."

Mexico, Corsa Mini-mill
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009040
Document Date: Jan. 19, 1999
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Steel Manufacturing
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "Industrial solid residues will be either recycled and/or sold to specialized Mexican recycling companies and the hazardous materials will be either recycled, incinerated or properly disposed in sites authorized by the local authorities."

Mexico, Consorcio International Hospital & Consorcio Hospitalario Internacional (CIMA)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 008982
Document Date: May 18, 1998
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste Sector:
Social Services (Health Care, Education)
Approval Date: June 30, 1998
Project Description: "The Project consists of Consorcio's investments in affiliated hospitals, the restructuring of the debt of CIMA Hermosillo and the construction of a medical office building adjacent to the CIMA Hermosillo hospital and the construction of a new CIMA hospital and medical office building in Puebla."
Quote: "It is expected that CIMA Puebla will either use the services of a private or municipal incinerator for the treatment and disposal of biological and infectious waste."

Mexico, Agropecuaria Sanfandila S.A. de C.V., Grupo Corporativo AVA S.A. de C.V. and Efi
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 008937
Document Date: March 17, 1998
Waste Stream: Animal wastes
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: June 24, 1998
Quote: "Air emissions will be properly controlled in all new incinerators and boilers and old conventional Incinerators will be phased out... Organic wastes are reused in agriculture and byproducts from the slaughterhouse will be rendered for animal feed, all non-reusable wastes will be sanitarily incinerated."

Mozambique, Mozambique - AEF Empresa Agraria do Sabie LDA (EAS)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007593
Document Date: undated
Waste Stream: Mixed/multiple waste
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "…development of a 210 ha citrus farm, packhouse and other facilities."
Quote: "The [pesticide] containers will then be flattened and either buried on site or, in the case of combustible containers, incinerated."

Mozambique, Industrias de Caju Mocita SARL
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7008
Document Date: May 27, 1996
Waste Stream: Organics
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "…involves rehabilitation and re-equipping of an 8,000 tpa cashew processing factory converting wet in shell nuts to dry, graded kernels."
Quote: "These solid waste products can either be used as fuel in the form of briquettes, composted for reuse as fertilizer or incinerated."

Namibia, AEF Erongo Abattoir (formerly known as Nacoco Ostrich)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007505
Document Date: May 13, 1996
Waste Stream: Animal wastes
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "…involves the completion of a 240 bird per day capacity ostrich abattoir"
Quote: "Condemned material (birds that are dead on arrival and condemned birds or bird parts) will be burned on-site in a pit-type incinerator. The incinerator design conforms to both Namibian and EU emissions standards. All incineration will be conducted under the supervision of the Central Veterinary Services. Any edible offal or bones will be sold; all unsold items will be incinerated."

Nepal, Jomsom Mountain Resort
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8464
Document Date: Aug. 6, 1997
Waste Stream: Tourism waste
Sector: Accommodation & Tourism Services
Approval Date: September 29, 1997, Invested: April 22, 1998
Project Description: "The sole purpose of the company would be to build and operate the hotel in Jomsom, Nepal."
Quote: "Solid wastes [from the hotel] such as bottles and containers will be recycled. The non-recyclable wastes will be incinerated. Consistent with World Bank guidelines, cleaning products will be handled efficiently to ensure that waste liquids (i.e., residue, solvents and oils) are produced in minimal quantities and properly disposed of."

Nicaragua, SEF Distribuidora Cesar Guerrero S.A.
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 008994
Document Date: May 8, 1998
Waste Stream: Pharmaceuticals
Sector: Pharmaceutical
Approval Date: November 18, 1998
Quote: "The sponsor will install an incinerator to burn the [pharmaceutical] industrial solid residues."

Nigeria, Nigeria Second Health Systems Fund
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: C
Project ID: NGPE70290
Document Date: June 19, 2000
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Other Population; Health & Nutrition
Approval Date: February 27, 2001
Quote: "The project is not expected to pose any significant/major environmental issues. However, hazardous waste from secondary facilities and diagnostic services will need proper disposal. Consequently, careful attention will be paid to these facilites for waste disposal (on-site incinerators, for example), in cases where the Project finances construction or renovation of such facilities."

Nigeria, AEF Hygeia Nigeria Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009628
Document Date: May 25, 1999
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: June 29, 1999, Invested: March 28, 2000
Quote: "At IFC's request, the sponsor has commissioned a consultant to undertake the development and implementation of a comprehensive waste management plan. Hazardous and biomedical wastes, including laboratory cultures and organic reagents, blood, urine, fecal cultures and expired reagents as well as bodily fluids on linens, clothing or other absorptive material will be collected separately in color coded containers and incinerated in situ in a specifically built incinerator that the sponsor has undertaken to install."

Nigeria, Radmed Diagnostic Center
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 008320
Document Date: May 16, 1997
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Basic Health
Approval Date: June 26, 1997, Invested: April 27, 1998
Quote: "Radmed liquid and solid waste will consist mainly of human waste such as stool, urine, blood and reagents waste. The sponsor will treat the waste by autoclaving, discharging it to a sewage treatment plant, and the treated liquid and solid waste will be collected by a waste disposal company for final disposal according to local laws and regulations. The sponsor plans to use a small incinerator to burn must of its solid waste products."

Nigeria, AEF Peggy Chemical Industries Ltd. (PCI)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8229
Document Date: May 9, 1997
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Chemicals
Approval Date: June 23, 1997
Project Description: "Peggy Chemical Industries Limited is a manufacturer of paints and coatings for the local market. This project involves the establishment of a plant adjacent to the existing factory to produce alkyd, acrylic and polyester resin."
Quote: "The solid waste generated at PCI will consist of filter cake from the polyester resin operation which is expected to be 10 m3/yr., 80% diatomaceous earth, and 10% organic solid polymers. This waste will be combined with other paint plant waste and incinerated according to the local laws and regulations by the local waste management authority. The incineration residues are non-toxic."

ORGANIZATION OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN STATES: ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA, COMMONWEALTH OF DOMINICA, GRENADA, ST. KITTS AND NEVIS, ST. LUCIA, ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: A
Project ID: P006970
Document Date: April 13, 1995
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Environment and Urban Development
Approval Date: May 4, 1995
Quote: "Modem ships, and particularly cruise ships, are likely to increasingly be fitted with on-board incineration capacity which can achieve volume reductions of waste of up to 85%....Equipment will be provided for the disposal of certain types of special waste. In addition to those items to be located at the landfill site mentioned above, an incinerator will be provided at the hospital in St. Johns [Antigua] for medical waste - total base cost estimated at US$626,000 (Table B5)."

Papua New Guinea, PIIF PNG Balsa Company Ltd.
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 10718
Document Date: Dec. 4, 2001
Waste Stream: Wood/paper/cardboard
Sector: Industrial & Consumer Products
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "The PNG Balsa company commenced operations in 1996 and has grown to become the largest producer of retail ready balsa wood sections in Papua New Guinea. The company proposes to expand its current operations with further kiln drying capacity and higher production machinery…"
Quote: "The mill has two kiln dryers which are fueled with balsawood waste, delivering an efficient burn with little visible smoke. Any remaining wood waste is burned in an incinerator."

Papua New Guinea, Mt. Gahavisuka Lodge
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 007699
Document Date: Nov. 30, 1996
Waste Stream: Tourism waste
Sector: Accommodation & Tourism Services
Approval Date: Sept. 30, 1996
Project Description: "Mt. Gahavisuka Lodge will be a 22 room tourist hotel directed primarily to the international market and located some 8 kilometers from Goroka, Papua New Guinea, adjoining the Mount Gahavisuka Provincial Reserve."
Quote: "Solid waste [from the hotel] will be collected and disposed of in an incineration plant which will not exceed 10 million BTU/hr output. This forms part of an overall waste management plan including composting. Glass and plastics will deposited in the Goroka Town Authority Dump."

Philippines, Asian Hospital
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009503
Document Date: July 21, 1999
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Social Services (Health Care, Education)
Approval Date: February 14, 2000, Invested: December 10, 2001
Quote: "Infectious, hazardous and other hospital waste will be segregated and incinerated or disposed of under license to controlled landfills.....Air emissions from the incinerator will be the only significant air emissions from the hospital, and will meet World Bank Group guidelines."

Philippines, Magsaysay Lines Inc.
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 4729
Document Date: April 24, 1996
Waste Stream: Mixed/multiple waste
Sector: Transportation and Warehousing
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "MLI proposes to expand MLI's 17 vessel fleet with the purchase of two or three secondhand vessels in the following two categories: (i) Handymax bulk carriers of 35-50,000 Dead Weight Tons (DWT); and (ii) Container vessels of 500-800 Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEU)."
Quote: "The solid wastes on their vessels are incinerated and each vessel carries septic tanks for its domestic wastes; the tanks are emptied at approved port facilities."

Poland, Paroc Polska
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7715
Document Date: April 1, 1998
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "Izopol's existing [mineral wool plant] operations exceed locally allowed levels of air emissions. Paroc's Phase 1 program will focus on Line 3 and include implementation of cupola exhaust gas purification (post-incinerator, desulfurization, and dust filter) over a period of ten months."

Russian Federation, Ozone-Depleting Substance Consumption Phase-Out Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: P049968
Document Date: Dec. 31, 1999
Waste Stream: Organochlorines
Sector: Environment
Approval Date: May 30, 1996
Project Description: "The overall objectives of the Ozone Depleting Substance Consumption Phase-out Project is to assist Russia in the phase-out of ozone depleting substances (ODS) consumption, in a manner consistent with international efforts in the field, while ensuring that this is accomplished with the minimum of economic dislocation."
Quote: "Sources of environmental impact from ODS production at OJSC "Khimprom" are: ...furnace for incineration of chlorine-fluorine organics.... The distillation residues in the amount of 100 kg/year come for incineration to the on site incinerator of liquid organic compounds. The on-site incinerator of liquid organic compounds was constructed for the purpose of incineration of all fluorine and chlorine containing waste of the Enterprise."

Samoa, PIIF MedCen Samoa Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7736
Document Date: Oct. 8, 1996
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: February 23, 1995
Quote: "The wastes will be segregated, there will be color coded receptacles to identify intermediate disposal of the different waste types (i.e., needles, blood contaminated materials, etc.). The medical wastes will be disposed of in an incinerator which has been designed to meet World Bank guidelines and local standards for stack emissions."

Samoa, Health Sector Management Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: C
Project ID: WSPE64296
Document Date: Aug. 30, 2000
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Other Population; Health & Nutrition
Approval Date: September 14, 2000
Quote: "It [the project] will also finance a hospital waste incinerator and related civil works, vehicles and supplies for health care waste disposal, staff training and related administrative expenses."

Senegal, AEF Societe d'Exploitation des Ressources Thonieres (SERT S.A.)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7175
Document Date: 3/7/1996
Waste Stream: Unspecified
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: April 12, 1996
Project Description: "The Company intends to purchase two seiners, rehabilitate and transform them into Pole and Line (P&L) tuna fishing vessels."
Quote: "The ships being converted to pole and liners are constructed according to the specifications of the MARPOL Convention and will meet MARPOL 73/78 with regard to disposal of waste at sea. In addition, solid waste (what type of waste) [SIC] will be returned to land for incineration."

Singapore, Environmental Control Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: N/A
Project ID: P004645
Document Date: unknown
Waste Stream: Municipal wastes
Sector: Environment
Approval Date: 1975. [Note: This project was included in this inventory because of its size. It is not included in the project data analyzed in the accompanying report.]
Quote: "The project consists of: (a) construction of an incinerator with average capacity of 1,200 tons of refuse per day; (b) procurement of 200 refuse collection vehicles and dump trucks; (c) staff training and provision of consulting services."

Slovakia, SCP Ruzomberok Modernization
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9437
Document Date: undated
Waste Stream: Wood/paper/cardboard
Sector: Pulp & Paper
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "The operation includes a modern pulp and paper mill located in Ruzomberok and a tissue producing paper mill near Slavosovce."
Quote: "Solid wastes are generally handled appropriately. Wood waste and bark is incinerated, and ash, sedimentation sludge and lime kiln grits are used as construction materials. Scrap plastics, metal and used oil is recycled. Hazardous wastes are collected and processed by a specialized company, as per Slovakian regulations."

South Africa, AEF Foxtrot Meat Processors CC
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009291
Document Date: undated
Waste Stream: Animal wastes
Sector: Food & Beverages
Approval Date: April 29, 1999
Project Description: "Foxtrot, which was established in 1993, slaughters and sells beef…"
Quote: "For hygienic reasons, these [slaughterhouse wastes] will be incinerated on site in a unit specially designed for abattoir wastes. The incinerator will be equipped with two diesel burners. Particulates and other emissions from the initial burning will be combusted in the second chamber. According to the manufacturer, units of this type have no visual emissions, provided they are operated and maintained properly. Foxtrot will have a service agreement with the incinerator supplier to ensure that it is properly maintained and functioning as designed."

South Africa, AEF IHS Technologies (Pty) Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9402
Document Date: Nov. 17, 1998
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Professional, Scientific and Technical Services
Approval Date: June 29, 1999
Quote: "All contaminated sharps are disposed of in special containers from which they cannot be removed. When full, these containers are sent to high temperature incinerator to be destroyed. Contaminated dressings and other potentially hazardous wastes are disposed of in color-coded plastic bags, sealed, and sent to an incinerator for disposal."

South Africa,AEF Dialysis Centre
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9316
Document Date: Nov. 4, 1998
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "Contaminated linen and other potentially hazardous wastes are bagged in color-coded plastic bags and sealed in boxes. The boxes and sharp containers are collected twice weekly by a licensed disposal firm and taken to a high temperature incinerator to be destroyed."

South Africa, AEF Florarcadia Private Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8728
Document Date: May 4, 1998
Waste Stream: Mixed/multiple waste
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: June 30, 1998
Quote: "The [flower] farm generates very little in the way of solid waste except for paper and used packaging materials which are incinerated on site."

South Africa, AEF Lesedi Hospital Proprietary Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8293
Document Date: April 29, 1997
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: September 11, 1997, Invested: December 29, 1997
Quote: "All contaminated sharps are disposed of in special containers from which they cannot be removed. When full, these containers are sent to the hospital's high temperature incineration to be destroyed. Contaminated dressings and other potentially hazardous wastes are bagged in red plastic bags (indicating they are to be incinerated), sealed, and sent to the hospital incinerator for disposal."

Sri Lanka, National HIV/AIDS Prevention Project
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: P074730
Document Date: Oct. 31, 2001
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health, Nutrition & Population
Approval Date: "Pipeline" status as of Aug. 2002
Quote: "Some treatment options such as low-cost incinerators which emits pollutants may be used in certain situations (e.g. low densely populated areas) where the overall health benefits from preventing infections are likely to outweigh the risks from exposure to toxic pollutants in the air. Nevertheless, environmental-friendly practices, like the recycling of plastics are recommended when they are in accordance with the precautionary principle...Incineration may be considered as the technology that ensures the most reliable disposal of hazardous HCW. When incineration is used, ash and residues of incineration shall be safely removed and properly buried in an appropriate pit. Nevertheless, in highly densely populated areas, large quantities of hazardous HCW shall not be incinerated at low temperatures. Alternative technologies such as autoclaving and shredding shall be used or off-site transportation to a central treatment facility ensured."

Sri Lanka, Apollo Sri Lanka Hospital
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7374
Document Date: Feb. 25, 1998
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: May 6, 1998
Quote: "Pathogenic and infectious solid wastes will be separately collected and disposed in an on-site, electrically-heated medical incinerator."

Tajikistan, Zeravshan: Jilau Gold Expansion Project
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8579
Document Date: 12/2/1997
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Oil, Gas and Mining
Approval Date: February 3, 1998
Quote: "Cyanide make-up [for gold mining] will be largely automatic, although operators will be required to lift bulk bags of cyanide briquettes by crane into a closed hopper. Water spays will be fitted into the hopper to rinse the empty bags before they are lifted out of the hopper. The empty bags and crates are incinerated. A cyanide detection alarm will be installed in the make up area to warn operators if hydrogen cyanide gas exceeds acceptable exposure limits. Appropriate training schemes are being implemented."

Tanzania, AEF Mountain Village Lodge
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9334
Document Date: Nov. 17, 1998
Waste Stream: Tourism waste
Sector: Accommodation & Tourism Services
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "The expansion entails construction of 3 conference rooms, 20 cottages and modernization of existing facilities."
Quote: "Paper and other combustible waste is burnt on site; however the hotel will be installing an incinerator to heat water, which will use this paper waste."

Tanzania, AEF Neptune Flowers Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8808
Document Date: March 27, 1998
Waste Stream: Pesticides
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: June, 30, 1998
Project Description: "The project is a new venture to grow roses for export to Europe."
Quote: "Used pesticide containers will be returned to the supplier or incinerated."

Tanzania, AEF Continental Flowers Limited (CONTIFLORA)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7567
Document Date: May 15, 1996
Waste Stream: Pesticides
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "The project will expand the operations of an existing rose flower farm, established in 1994, from 2 ha to 6.5 ha."
Quote: "Pesticide containers will be incinerated to prevent improper re-use."

Tanzania, AEF Milcafe Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7482
Document Date: April 8, 1996
Waste Stream: Organics
Sector: Agriculture & Silviculture
Approval Date: May 17, 1996
Quote: "The main solid matter resulting from coffee processing is coffee husk that is removed by the hulling machine. Blowers are used to pneumatically transport husks to a collection area. Husk is currently disposed of by landfilling. The company is considering the installation of an incinerator to burn the husks, and alternatively, is researching potential recycling of the husks as cattle feed, in brick making, as briquettes for use as solid fuel, and use in the manufacture of hardboard."

Tanzania, Sunflag (Tanzana) Limited
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 7913
Document Date: April 18, 1997
Waste Stream: Organics
Sector: Textiles, Apparel & Leather
Approval Date: unknown
Project Description: "This project involves the expansion of Sunflag's Arusha based spinning, weaving, knitting and garmenting facilities."
Quote: "Solid Waste: Solid waste consists primarily of cotton fiber and droppings. Approximately 65% of this waste is recycled back into the plant, 30% is sold to local and export markets, with the balance of 5% being incinerated on site."

Tunisia, Projet de Renforcement des Services d'Appui a l'Agriculture (Agricultural Support Services Project)
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: P005750
Document Date: May 31, 2001
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Agriculture
Approval Date: June 26, 2001
Quote: "Likewise, laboratory discharges, solid wastes, and/or lubricants, will be either incinerated, or disposed of in accordance with the Sewerage Authority ' s (ONAS) regulations."

Turkey, Istanbul Gold Refining
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8883
Document Date: undated
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Oil, Gas and Mining
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "The IGR will perform a number of activities requiring attention to environmental consequences, including...incineration of low grade jewelry scrap...The sources of air emissions are all associated with processing operations which are localized and allow any emission to be efficiently collected and channeled to suitable treatment equipment incorporated in the Project plan. Airborne emissions and their sources are...hydrocarbons and dust from sweeps incineration in gas ovens..."

Turkey, Arcelik III
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 10311
Document Date: Oct. 12, 2000
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Industrial & Consumer Products
Approval Date: December 5, 2000, Invested: May 3, 2001
Project Description: "The Project consists of a US$500 million equivalent corporate investment program which supports the continued growth and strategic development of Arcelik, Turkey's market leader in the home appliance sector."
Quote: "Arcelik's plants generate a variety of solid and hazardous wastes, including, for example, packaging waste, waste oils, hazardous paint and coating process residues (e.g., phosphate sludges, polyurethane sludges), degreasing sludges, industrial wastewater treatment sludges, empty hazardous material containers. These materials are appropriately segregated and managed through various approaches in accordance with relevant requirements and good industry practice, including recycling, on-site disposal (e.g., incineration), and off-site disposal (e.g., incineration and landfill)."

Turkey, Dusa II (Kordsa)
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009729
Document Date: Dec. 20, 1999
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Manufacturing
Approval Date: February 4, 2000
Quote: "Non-recyclable wastes [from nylon yarn production], such as carbonized polymer, etc., will continue to be incinerated by and/or and filled at a government-authorized facility."

Turkey, MESA Women's Health Center
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 9597
Document Date: Sept. 30, 1999
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: November 1, 1999
Project Description: "The proposed project is to construct and operate a new women's health center in Ankara, which will include a comprehensive range of outpatient clinics and a 68-bed inpatient department."
Quote: "Solid waste will be stored at specially designated areas within the hospital. Disposal will be handled by the municipality and incinerated off-site."

Turkey, Bayindir Medical Centers
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 8491
Document Date: March 4, 1998
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Health Care
Approval Date: unknown
Quote: "BMCB has developed procedures at its Ankara facility for handling and disposal of medical materials and bio-hazardous waste. An 80 kg/hour incinerator with a burning unit temperature of 800C will be used for infectious waste to avoid any offsite transport of these materials."

TURKEY, Bursa Water & Sanitation
Funding Institution: World Bank
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: P009065
Document Date: unknown
Waste Stream: Healthcare waste
Sector: Water Supply & Sanitation
Approval Date: March 11, 1993
Quote: "The solid waste part includes:...vehicles and containers to collect waste, including incineration of clinical waste..."

TURKEY, Arcelik LG Klima
Funding Institution: IFC
Env. Classification: B
Project ID: 009611
Document Date: April 26, 1999
Waste Stream: Industrial (other)
Sector: Industrial & Consumer Products
Approval Date: September 30, 1999
Quote: "Hazardous [industrial] wastes will be sent to hazardous waste disposal and incineration plants in the municipality of Izmit."